Rare earth metals are a set of seventeen elements that exhibit similar properties and belong to the actinide and lanthanide series. The whole fifteen elements of the lanthanide series and yttrium and scandium together make up these elements. Few common elements include Lanthanum, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Neodymium among others and account for over 70.0% of global rare earth metal consumption. Rare earth metals has its applications in various high technology products such as TVs, nuclear batteries, miniature, numerous medical devices, permanent magnets and rechargeable batteries for hybrid cars and wind turbines, tablet computers, advanced military technology, laser repeaters, and superconductors.
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Additionally, they are also used
as catalysts in petroleum refining & automotive and as pigments in ceramics
and glass. Metals such as Neodymium are widely used in the manufacturing of
permanent magnets. This is projected to directly impact the demand for neodymium,
which is one of the maximum consumed rare earth metal. Additionally, the
developing automobile industry is anticipated to enhance the demand for
magnets, in turn, are projected to drive rare earth metals market demand.
Another major factor driving the rare earth metals market is the increasing use
of these elements as a metal catalyst. Lanthanum and Cerium are widely used as
catalyst in petroleum and metallurgical refining process. Hence, it expected to
significantly increase the demand for lanthanum and cerium, which has accounted
for over 50.0 % of global rare earth metal consumption in 2012.
Despite the vast application
scope for these metals, the market faces significant restraint in the form of
depleting reserves and unavailability of raw material. In the recent past, over
90.0 % of these elements were extracted in China, and this has led to rising
supple demand gap in several other parts of the world. The expected depleting
prevailing reserves of rare earth metal include dysprosium and neodymium since
the consumption is projected to increase drastically over the forecast period
owing to increasing consumption by end users such as electrical vehicles and
the wind turbines industry. Furthermore, the environmental threats of mining
have enforced several countries such as China to impose a ban on extreme mining
to restrain exploitation of resources.
The major rare earth metals
include Lanthanum, Yttrium, Dysprosium, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium and
Gadolinium. Cerium was the maximum consumed metal, accounting for over 35.0 %
of global rare earth market consumption in recent past. Cerium is extensively
used as a rare earth metal catalyst in refining and metallurgy process. The
rising industrialization in emerging economies is anticipated to fuel the
demand for cerium over the next eight years. Lanthanum was recorded as the
second highest consumed metal with global consumption of more than 40 kilo tons
in recent past.
It is also used in a variety of
refining and metallurgical activities. Neodymium is one of the most significant
rare earth metals and has its application in permanent magnets. The demand for
permanent magnets is expected to grow significantly owing to its increasing use
in electronic and automobile application.
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Metallurgy, magnets, glass,
polishing, and catalyst are main applications for the rare earth metals market.
Magnets were the biggest application segment for this market. The rising use of
magnets in automotive and wind turbine is expected to fuel the sales of these
metals. Catalyst and metallurgy were the largest application markets for these
metals accounting for over 35.0 % of the revenue in recent past. Asia
Pacific is anticipated to be account for major market share over the forecast
period mainly due to the growing awareness regarding its industrial advantages and
presence of rich natural resource reserves. China constitutes more than 90%
rare earth metals manufacturing, thus creating a huge demand and supply gap in
the sector. Hence, creating new opportunities for emerging manufacturers that
are anticipated to cater the growing end-user demand from electric vehicle
industry coupled with wind turbine industry.
North America and Europe are
anticipated to witness significant growth over the next eight years owing to
the presence of high reserves of rare earth metals and rising demand from
end-user industries. Particularly the US, Germany, France, the UK, and Italy
are projected to account for highest growth in the region majorly due to
growing demand for big 5 elements and rising R&D endeavors to enhance
quality and properties.
The Middle East & Africa is
projected to see significant growth by 2022 mainly owing to increasing
urbanization, globalization, and industrialization. The market has huge
potential in this region primarily owing to growing economic development, and
rising purchasing power parity. Molycorp Inc. and China Northern rare
Earth Group High-Tech Co Ltd account for major market share and presently
considered as largest companies manufacturing rare earth metals. Few other
market vendors include Canada rare Earths Ltd, China rare Earth Holdings,
Alkane, Avalon, Arafura, Lynas Corporation Limited and Great Western Mineral
Group.
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